Manisha Koirala was born on 16 August 1970 in Kathmandu, Nepal, into the politically prominent Koirala family. Her father, Prakash Koirala, is a politician, and her grandfather was Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, a former Prime Minister of Nepal.
She initially wanted to become a doctor but eventually pursued acting. She began her film career with the Nepali film Pheri Bhetaula (1989). Two years later, she made her Hindi-film debut with Saudagar (1991), directed by Subhash Ghai. The film was a commercial success and gave her a strong entry into Bollywood.
Manisha established herself as a leading actress with 1942: A Love Story (1994), where her performance received critical appreciation. She then delivered a series of acclaimed performances in films including Akele Hum Akele Tum (1995), Bombay (1995), Khamoshi: The Musical (1996), Agni Sakshi (1996), Gupt: The Hidden Truth (1997), and Dil Se.. (1998).
Her performance in Bombay, directed by Mani Ratnam, was particularly acclaimed. She also received major recognition for Khamoshi: The Musical, in which she played the daughter of deaf and mute parents. Her performance in both films earned her Filmfare Critics Awards.
In Dil Se.. (1998), Manisha portrayed Meghna, a complex character involved in a militant movement. The film, directed by Mani Ratnam and co-starring Shah Rukh Khan, further demonstrated her ability to handle emotionally demanding roles.
She continued to work in both mainstream and unconventional cinema, appearing in Mann (1999), Lajja (2001), Company (2002), Escape from Taliban (2003), I Am (2010), and Elektra (2010). Her performance in Company earned her another Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress.
In 2012, Manisha took a break from acting after being diagnosed with ovarian cancer. She underwent treatment in the United States and subsequently recovered. She later returned to acting with Dear Maya (2017). Her portrayal of actress Nargis Dutt in Sanju (2018) was widely appreciated.
She also appeared in the Netflix anthology Lust Stories (2018) and later made a major OTT appearance as Mallikajaan in the 2024 Netflix series Heeramandi: The Diamond Bazaar. Her performance earned her further recognition, including a Filmfare OTT Award.
Manisha has also worked as a producer, author and social activist. She served as a UNFPA Goodwill Ambassador and wrote the memoir Healed: How Cancer Gave Me a New Life, documenting her experience and recovery.