Naseeruddin Shah was born on 20 July 1950 in Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India. He completed his graduation from Aligarh Muslim University in 1971 and subsequently trained at the National School of Drama in New Delhi. He later became an important figure in Indian theatre and parallel cinema.
He began his film career with Nishant (1975), directed by Shyam Benegal. His natural acting style and ability to portray complex characters quickly established him as one of the leading performers of India's parallel cinema movement. He went on to work with acclaimed filmmakers including Shyam Benegal, Govind Nihalani, Satyajit Ray, Sai Paranjpye, and Ketan Mehta.
Some of his most acclaimed performances came in films such as Sparsh, Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai, Masoom, Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro, Paar, Mirch Masala, Ijaazat, Mandi, and Maqbool. He has also appeared in international productions, including The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen.
Apart from films, Shah has had a distinguished career in theatre and has been associated with Motley Productions. He has received three National Film Awards, three Filmfare Awards, and the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival. The Government of India has honoured him with both the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan for his contribution to Indian cinema.