Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was a legendary Pakistani qawwali singer, songwriter, composer and musician, widely regarded as one of the greatest performers in the history of Sufi qawwali. He played a major role in taking qawwali from South Asia to audiences around the world.
Born Pervez Fateh Ali Khan on 13 October 1948 in Lyallpur (now Faisalabad), Pakistan, he came from a family with a musical tradition in qawwali extending back approximately six centuries. His father, Fateh Ali Khan, was a respected qawwali singer and musicologist.
Although primarily known as a singer and composer rather than a conventional film lyricist, Nusrat also received songwriting/lyric credits and performed poetry by numerous Urdu and Punjabi poets. His extensive repertoire included devotional, romantic and philosophical poetry.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan was born into the celebrated Fateh Ali Khan qawwali family. His father initially wanted him to become a doctor rather than pursue qawwali, but Nusrat's extraordinary musical ability eventually led him toward the family tradition.
He initially learned tabla from his father and subsequently studied classical vocal music, including khayal, raag vidya and bol bandish. Following his father's death in 1964, his paternal uncles Mubarak Ali Khan and Salamat Ali Khan continued his musical training.
Nusrat gave his first public performance at the traditional chehlum ceremony held forty days after his father's death. In 1971, after the death of his uncle Mubarak Ali Khan, Nusrat became the leader of the family's qawwali party.
During the 1970s and early 1980s, he became one of Pakistan's leading qawwali performers. His powerful voice, extraordinary improvisational ability and long-form performances helped make him a major figure in South Asian music.
His international breakthrough came during the 1980s, particularly through appearances at the WOMAD festival and his association with Peter Gabriel's Real World Records. This introduced his qawwali to a much larger international audience.
Nusrat also collaborated with international and Indian musicians. His work with Peter Gabriel, Michael Brook and Eddie Vedder, among others, helped establish connections between traditional qawwali and contemporary world music.
His association with Indian music included collaborations and recordings connected with A. R. Rahman. He contributed “Gurus of Peace” to the album Vande Mataram, and his influence continued to be felt in Indian film and popular music after his death.
Nusrat also had a strong connection with Hindi cinema. His voice and compositions were used in films and soundtracks, including Bandit Queen, Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya and other projects. His recordings continued to appear in films after his death.
He was renowned for an exceptionally wide vocal range and the ability to perform qawwali for several hours at a high level of intensity. His recorded output was enormous, with sources noting a Guinness-recognised record for the largest recorded output by a qawwali artist.
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan died in London on 16 August 1997, aged only 48. Sources report that he suffered serious kidney and liver problems and ultimately died from cardiac arrest at Cromwell Hospital.